The mechanical manipulation of three-dimensional puppets and objects to emulate living beings has a very long history in automata. The physical movement of image parts through simple mechanics-for instance, moving images in magic lantern shows-can also be considered animation. In addition to short films, feature films, television series, animated GIFs, and other media dedicated to the display of moving images, animation is also prevalent in video games, motion graphics, user interfaces, and visual effects. For display on computers, technology such as the animated GIF and Flash animation were developed. Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally. While animators traditionally used to draw each part of the movements and changes of figures on transparent cels that could be moved over a separate background, computer animation is usually based on programming paths between key frames to maneuver digitally created figures throughout a digitally created environment.Īnalog mechanical animation media that rely on the rapid display of sequential images include the phénakisticope, zoetrope, flip book, praxinoscope, and film. The illusion of motion caused by a rapid succession of images that minimally differ from each other, with unnoticeable interruptions, is a stroboscopic effect. The illusion of animation-as in motion pictures in general-has traditionally been attributed to the persistence of vision and later to the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact neurological causes are still uncertain. cats and mice, coyotes and birds), the action often centers on violent pratfalls such as falls, collisions, and explosions that would be lethal in real life. Especially with animals that form a natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. The style takes inspiration from comic strips, often featuring anthropomorphic animals, superheroes, or the adventures of human protagonists. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures.Ī cartoon is an animated film, usually a short film, featuring an exaggerated visual style.
As CGI increasingly approximates photographic imagery, filmmakers can easily composite 3D animations into their film rather than using practical effects for showy visual effects (VFX).Ĭomputer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings.
Many moviemakers have produced films that are a hybrid of the two. Stop motion animation, in particular claymation, has continued to exist alongside these other forms.Īnimation is contrasted with live-action film, although the two do not exist in isolation. Many animations are computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Animation has been recognized as an artistic medium, specifically within the entertainment industry. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. The bouncing ball animation above consists of these six frames repeated indefinitely.Īnimation is the method that encompasses myriad filmmaking techniques, by which still images are manipulated to create moving images.
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